In academic research, it's tempting to exit the hunt for credible sources once we’ve gathered enough documents labeled as “primary.” But here’s a subtle detail often missed: sometimes, a biography is a primary source, depending on how it’s written and what it contains.

We often think of biographies as secondary sources and rightly so, in many cases. However, there are exceptions. If the biographer had firsthand access to the subject, conducted direct interviews, or included unpublished personal materials like diaries, letters, or conversations, the biography shifts into the realm of primary documentation.

For example, a biography written by a close friend, colleague, or family member shortly after the subject’s life using original notes or personal recollections offers a raw, firsthand perspective. That makes it a primary source, particularly in historical, sociological, or literary studies.

If you’re working on a project and feel like your primary source list is complete, don’t exit too quickly. Review your biographies carefully. Some may provide firsthand narratives that can support or even reshape your thesis.

Has anyone here used a biography as a primary source in a paper or publication? How do you determine when it qualifies? Let’s open up the discussion and share examples your insight might help others make more informed sourcing decisions.