While expected to remain nearly 50% below pre-pandemic levels in 2021 and to return to the 2019 level only in 2023, passenger numbers are anticipated to grow over the next decades. In developing and emerging economies, where passenger air travel had already increased sixfold in the 20 years prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, a steady expansion of the middle class will enable many people to fly for the first time. In Europe and North America, however, some travellers may change their flying habits in response to growing concerns of the climate impacts of air travel.
