Sexual arousal in males is a complex psychophysiological process influenced by the brain, hormones, nerves, blood vessels, and emotions. The male sexual response involves increased blood flow to the penis to achieve an erection, controlled by a delicate balance of neurotransmitters like dopamine (excitatory) and serotonin (inhibitory), as well as nitric oxide (NO) which relaxes penile muscles to facilitate erection. Testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, plays an essential role in regulating libido, sexual motivation, and erectile function. When these processes are impaired, sexual arousal and performance can decline, necessitating interventions for enhancement.
